Corruption in the Philippines is frequently characterised as systemic, yet it is often analysed through Western-centric lenses that overlook the unique Filipino socio-cultural nuances. This Grounded Theory study was conducted to develop a localised explanation of corruption, moving beyond mere description to uncover the specific mechanisms that define its nature in the Philippine context. The participants were 30 Political Science students, purposively selected due to their heightened academic awareness and engagement with the nation’s socio-political issues. Data were elicited through semi-structured interviews. The gathered data were analysed using Constant Comparative Analysis, a core grounded theory technique. The process involved an iterative cycle of data collection and analysis, progressing from open to axial and selective coding. The data analysis yielded the Theory of Incremental Normalisation, illustrating corruption in the Philippines as a progressive habituation process rather than a static choice. It begins with micro-deviance within the domestic sphere, is reinforced by institutional shortcuts in the educational system, and is sustained by the moral paradoxes of religious institutions, ultimately leading to a pragmatic moral shift where dishonesty is rebranded as a necessary tool for survival (diskarte). Thus, corruption in the Philippines is not merely a problem of bad leaders but a result of a progressive normalisation process that begins in childhood and is reinforced by the very institutions — home, school, and church — intended to prevent it. The transition from micro-deviance to systemic greed is fueled by a pragmatic shift where survival and success are viewed as incompatible with absolute honesty.

Authors:
Blenn Nimer, Notre Dame of Kidapawan College, Philippines

About the Presenter(s)
Dr Blenn B Nimer is currently the Director for Research, Planning, Innovation, and Development of the Notre Dame of Kidapawan College, Kidapawan City, Philippines.

See this presentation on the full schedule – Wednesday Schedule

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