This qualitative research explores implications of gender mainstreaming and highlights the roles of women in the suman (traditional Filipino rice cake) industry, which has been largely overlooked in academic literature. The study delves into understanding women’s contributions to suman production, investigates the reversal of traditional gender norms, and sheds light on how the industry constructs an alternative societal image centered around women. Data were collected through a focus group discussion involving 21 SMB members, demonstration-participation, key informant interview, personal communications, document analysis, and consultations with local government agencies. Employing feminist critical discourse analysis, including Zimmerman’s Theory of Empowerment and feminist theory on agency and “power within,” the research reveals that the suman industry in Baler is predominantly female-led. Women actively engage in pre-production, production, and post-production processes, while men support their entrepreneurial endeavors. Consequently, the suman business has become a primary source of family income. The study identifies three levels of women’s empowerment—individual, organizational, and community—evident in their agency and critical consciousness. This research underscores the significance of recognizing women’s roles in traditional industries and highlights the potential for challenging conventional gender norms. By understanding how women wield power within the suman industry, society can cultivate greater gender equity and inclusivity across various domains. This research contributes to the wider discourse on gender roles, empowerment, and women’s agency in the Philippines, particularly in traditional industries like rice cake production.

Authors:
Melissa Grace Nacino, Aurora State College of Technology, Philippines

About the Presenter(s)
Ms. Melissa Grace P. Nacino is currently an Assistant Professor at the Aurora State College of Technology in the Philippines, specializing in language, literature, and culture. She is currently engaged in gender-related studies and advocacies.

See this presentation on the full schedule – Friday Schedule

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