Acculturation is a phenomenon that occurs when groups of people (communities, ethnicities) with different cultures interact and come into contact with each other, creating cultural changes in one or both groups. It is the combination of "endogenous" and "exogenous" factors that create richer, more diverse, and more progressive cultural development. However, the challenges and consequences brought about by cultural exchange and acculturation are not significant, in other words, there are many "gains" but also many "losses". Cultural globalization is an unprecedented opportunity to expand cultural exchanges, but can also lead to cultural similarity (homogenization), losing the identity of poorer, weaker peoples. Cultural globalization is an inevitable trend in which each nation must know "cultural self-reliance" to ensure cultural diversity (UNESCO, Declaration 2001). In the course of history, the Vietnamese people have had many successful acculturations when exposed to different cultures such as Chinese and Western culture while still retaining and enriching national identity. From there, the so-called "cultural bravery" is formed so that Vietnam can confidently integrate deeply with the world in the current globalization process. This article, from an interdisciplinary cultural-historical approach, wants to clarify the story of cultural acculturation, cultural bravery, and national identity through the case of cultural acculturation in Vietnam during the historical process with a comparative perspective of the 17th–19th centuries and the current period of global integration. This article hopes to present a case study to explain more interesting aspects of cultural adaptation and national identity in today's multi-trend, multi-color world.

Authors:
Pham Thi Thanh Huyen, Hanoi National University of Education, Vietnam
Bui Thi Thuy, Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, Vietnam

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Pham Thi Thanh Huyen holds the position of Head of the Division of World History under the Faculty of History at Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam
Current project: Acculturation in Vietnam and Philippines (16-19th century)

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